Molecular Plant Advance Access originally published online on October 14, 2008
Molecular Plant 2008 1(6):977-989; doi:10.1093/mp/ssn055
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Identification and Preliminary Characterization of a New Chemical Affecting Glucosyltransferase Activities Involved in Plant Cell Wall Biosynthesis
a Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
b School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
c Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail natasha.raikhel{at}ucr.edu, fax 951-827-2155, tel. 95-827-6370.
Chemical genetics as a part of chemical genomics is a powerful and fast developing approach to dissect biological processes that may be difficult to characterize using conventional genetics because of gene redundancy or lethality and, in the case of polysaccharide biosynthesis, plant flexibility. Polysaccharide synthetic enzymes are located in two main compartments—the Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane—and can be studied in vitro using membrane fractions. Here, we first developed a high-throughput assay that allowed the screening of a library of chemicals with a potential effect on glycosyltransferase activities. Out of the 4800 chemicals screened for their effect on Golgi glucosyltransferases, 66 compounds from the primary screen had an effect on carbohydrate biosynthesis. Ten of these compounds were confirmed to inhibit glucose incorporation after a second screen. One compound exhibiting a strong inhibition effect (ID 6240780 named chemical A) was selected and further studied. It reversibly inhibits the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose by Golgi membranes, but activates the plasma membrane-bound callose synthase. The inhibition effect is dependent on the chemical structure of the compound, which does not affect endomembrane morphology of the plant cells, but causes changes in cell wall composition. Chemical A represents a novel drug with a great potential for the study of the mechanisms of Golgi and plasma membrane-bound glucosyltransferases.
Key Words: cell walls • callose synthase • chemical screening and identification • glycosyltransferase • Golgi • plasma membrane