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Molecular Plant Advance Access published online on October 8, 2008
Molecular Plant, doi:10.1093/mp/ssn062
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© The Author 2008. Published by the Molecular Plant Shanghai Editorial Office in association with Oxford University Press on behalf of CSPP and IPPE, SIBS, CAS.

Cellular and Molecular Requirements for Polar PIN Targeting and Transcytosis in Plants

Jürgen Kleine-Vehna,b, Lukasz Langowskia, Justyna Wisniewskab,c, Pankaj Dhonuksheb,d, Philip B Brewerb,e and Jirí Frimla,b,1

a Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
b Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (ZMBP), Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
c Present address: Institute of General and Molecular Biology, Nicolas Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
d Present address: Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
e Present address: Centre for Integrative Legume Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed at address a. E-mail jiri.friml{at}psb.ugent.be, fax 32-9-3313809, tel. 32-9-3313800.

The polar, sub-cellular localization of PIN auxin efflux carriers determines the direction of intercellular auxin flow, thus defining the spatial aspect of auxin signalling. Dynamic, transcytosis-like relocalizations of PIN proteins occur in response to external and internal signals, integrating these signals into changes in auxin distribution. Here, we examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms of polar PIN delivery and transcytosis. The mechanisms of the ARF–GEF-dependent polar targeting and transcytosis are well conserved and show little variations among diverse Arabidopsis ecotypes consistent with their fundamental importance in regulating plant development. At the cellular level, we refine previous findings on the role of the actin cytoskeleton in apical and basal PIN targeting, and identify a previously unknown role for microtubules, specifically in basal targeting. PIN protein delivery to different sides of the cell is mediated by ARF-dependent trafficking with a previously unknown complex level of distinct ARF–GEF vesicle trafficking regulators. Our data suggest that alternative recruitment of PIN proteins by these distinct pathways can account for cell type- and cargo-specific aspects of polar targeting, as well as for polarity changes in response to different signals. The resulting dynamic PIN positioning to different sides of cells defines a three-dimensional pattern of auxin fluxes within plant tissues.

Key Words: cytoskeleton • polarity • protein targeting


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Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
J. Kleine-Vehn, J. Leitner, M. Zwiewka, M. Sauer, L. Abas, C. Luschnig, and J. Friml
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