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Molecular Plant Advance Access published online on November 20, 2008
Molecular Plant, doi:10.1093/mp/ssn069
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© The Author 2008. Published by the Molecular Plant Shanghai Editorial Office in association with Oxford University Press on behalf of CSPP and IPPE, SIBS, CAS.

Cell Polarity Signaling: Focus on Polar Auxin Transport

Xiaowei Gaoa,b, Shingo Nagawac, Genxuan Wangd and Zhenbiao Yangb,c,1

a Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Agroeology at Lanzhou University, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730000, China
b CAU–UCR Joint Center for Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
c Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Science, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
d College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail yang{at}ucr.edu, fax 9011-886-2-2651-6234, tel. 951-827-7351.

Polar auxin transport, which is required for the formation of auxin gradients and directional auxin flows that are critical for plant pattern formation, morphogenesis, and directional growth response to vectorial cues, is mediated by polarized sub-cellular distribution of PIN-FORMED Proteins (PINs, auxin efflux carriers), AUX1/AUX1-like proteins (auxin influx facilitators), and multidrug resistance P-glycoproteins (MDR/PGP). Polar localization of these proteins is controlled by both developmental and environmental cues. Recent studies have revealed cellular (endocytosis, transcytosis, and endosomal sorting and recycling) and molecular (PINOID kinase, protein phosphatase 2A) mechanisms underlying the polar distribution of these auxin transport proteins. Both TIR1-mediated auxin signaling and TIR1-independent auxin-mediated endocytosis have been shown to regulate polar PIN localization and auxin flow, implicating auxin as a self-organizing signal in directing polar transport and directional flows.

Key Words: PIN proteins • PINOID • ROP GTPases • polarity • protein traffic and secretion • signal transduction


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